果树病毒病传毒媒介及防控技术研究进展

对果树病毒病传毒媒介的种类、特点及其防控技术等方面进行综述,指出了我国果树病毒病传毒媒介防控技术研究中存在的问题,并对研究前景做了展望,以期对今后的研究工作提供一定的参考。     

不同基质配方对颠茄育苗的影响

为了解各种基质对颠茄育苗的影响,采用壮苗1号、蛭石、珍珠岩、药渣、腐叶糠为材料,进行颠茄育苗试验。结果表明:以药渣、珍珠岩、园土的混合基质与以壮苗一号为基质的差异性不显著,出苗率、茎高、主根、侧根数、移栽成活率等农艺性状,均优于其他配比基质。     

红毛五加扦插繁殖技术试验研究

通过对红毛五加穗条的不同药剂、扦插时间和扦插基质对红毛五加存活率影响的试验研究,结果表明：（1）红毛五加在河沙基质中扦插存活率最高,达78.75%;（2）ABT药剂50 mg.L-1、6 h处理穗条,2 a生枝条扦插存活率最高,达70%;（3）ABT、NAA、IAA、IBA药剂50 mg.L-1、6 h处理,比其他处理方式能显著提高扦插苗存活率。且ABT、NAA、IAA药剂50 mg.L-1、6 h处理可用于生产推广。     

菇渣和锯末作为丽格海棠栽培基质的研究

为减少花卉无土栽培对泥炭资源的依赖,同时降低生产成本,该研究以菇渣和锯末两种农林有机废弃物作为基质的主要成分栽培丽格海棠,探讨取代泥炭作为丽格海棠栽培基质的可行性。结果表明,4锯末:1珍珠岩和3锯末:1蛭石两个处理的理化性质的各项指标均在无土栽培基质的理想范围内,用其栽培的丽格海棠根系生长健壮,生长发育综合表现显著优于对照,两个处理的成本分别比对照降低27.61%和27.23%,可作为丽格海棠无土栽培的代用基质。     

观赏凤梨催花栽培试验

文章对4个观赏凤梨常规品种进行不同催花剂、不同乙烯利浓度、不同处理温度的催花试验及基质对植株生长影响的试验。结果表明：乙烯利对凤梨催花效果显著,开花株率最高,花穗高度短;催花处理时的平均温度越高,诱导花芽发育的时间越短;各品种对乙烯利不同浓度的催花表现不同,在500,600,700mg／L浓度范围。彩苞凤梨开花率随乙烯利浓度的升高而降低,大红星凤梨、擎天凤梨和虎尾凤梨的开花率则随乙烯利浓度的升高而增高。基质以树皮80％＋松林下表土20％栽培效果最佳。     

油茶扦插育苗两种基质不同配比与成活生长的影响1）

采用黄土、河沙的两种基质5个处理、1个对照、重复3次,进行油茶扦插育苗试验。结果表明：100％河沙为扦插基质的扦插成活率为100％、生根率为82．22％,分别高出100％黄土（对照）15．38％、76．17％;其次是75％河沙＋25％黄土,成活率、生根率分别为95．6％、82．22％,高出100％黄土（对照）的10．50％、76．17％。从扦插成活生根情况分析：100％河沙、75％河沙＋25％黄土和50％河沙＋50％黄土这三种处理的扦插苗根系的平均根长分别为4．41cm、3．42cm、3．97 cm ,明显优于对照。5个处理的扦插平均成活率、平均生根率、平均根系的生长长度木与对照相比均有显著和极显著差异。在油茶扦插育苗过程中,若空气、基质湿度大,基质透气好,扦插成活率高,从本次试验已进一步证明：河沙的基质疏松,扦插成活率高,苗木生根快,且根系发达;纯黄土的基质土质板结,透气性差,不利于扦插成活与苗木的生长。     

Effects of conditioned media from human amniotic epithelial cells on corneal alkali injuries in rabbits

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of conditioned media (CM) from human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs) on the corneal wound healing process. Eighteen rabbits (36 eyes) were used and randomly assigned to three groups according treatment: CM from HAECs (group 1), vehicle alone (group 2), and saline (group 3). Corneal alkali injuries were induced with 1 N sodium hydroxide. Each reagent used for treatment evaluation was injected into the dorsal bulbar subconjunctiva and the area of the corneal epithelial defect was measured every other day. Two animals from each group were euthanized at a time on days 3, 7, and 15, and the cornea was removed for histological examination. The sum of the epithelial defect areas measured on day 0 to day 6 as well as day 0 to day 14 in group 1 was significantly smaller than those of other groups. Histological examination revealed that the group 1 corneas had less inflammatory cell infiltration and showed more intact epithelial features compared to the other groups. These results suggest that CM from HAECs promote corneal wound healing in rabbits.     

Effect of a transitory controlled nursing on days 9–11 or a 24-h fast on the production of free-nursing rabbits

Altered nursing or nutrition before artificial insemination (AI) can be used as a doe biostimulant to improve lactating rabbits reproduction. The timing of a shift from free to a 3-day controlled nursing to AI or the nursing method at fast-refeeding can affect the efficacy of these stimulations. In an earlier study the effects of a 3-day controlled nursing on days 8, 9 and 10 or in controlled nursing rabbits, the impact of a 24-h fast with 48–50 h re-feeding were investigated. This follow-up work tested a 3-day biostimulation with controlled nursing on days 9, 10 and 11. Another aim was to assess the same doe fast-refeeding but now in free-nursing rabbits. Pannon White does (n=480) were artificially inseminated 11 days post-partum. Control (C) does nursed freely. Rabbits simulating local farm practice (F) had controlled nursing until day 14 using a metal-plate as separation and then free nursing to weaning (day 35). In biostimulations with altered nursing, there was a shift from free to a 3-day controlled nursing (days 9–11) with a wire-mesh separation (BW), a metal-plate insertion (BM) or nest-tray removal (BN) and return to free nursing on day 12 until weaning. The C, F, BW, BM and BN does were fed ad libitum. At biostimulation with fast-refeeding (BF), the free-nursing does were subjected to a 24 h water-only fast between days 8 and 9 and a 48–50 h ad libitum re-feeding before AI. Doe reproduction and growth of the current litter were differently affected by the treatments. In the C, F, BW, BM, BN and BF does, sexual receptivity was 83, 90, 68, 80, 74 and 85% (P=0.05), the kindling rate was 79, 76, 74, 89, 68, 70% (P=0.05), the number of kits born alive was 7.9, 8.0, 8.8, 9.1, 7.9, 6.8 (P=0.005), kit weight at weaning 982, 991, 953, 986, 955, 964 g (P=0.012) and at 70 days of age 2383, 2407, 2220, 2350, 2279, 2382 g, respectively (P=0.001). Among biostimulations with altered nursing, the 3-day controlled nursing with a metal-plate separation (BM) can be advised for the practice because only this method was efficient in this (days 9–11) and previous (days 8–10) studies. There appears to be an interaction between doe nursing and feeding, since the same fast led to different production of free-nursing does compared to those in a previous work that nursed controlled.     

森林旅游解说规划中的空间、信息与媒体关系模型构建——以天际岭国家森林公园为例

生态文明建设是中华民族永续发展的千年大计,要促进生态、文化和旅游的相互融合。森林旅游解说作为森林旅游过程中必不可少的传播手段,在我国生态文明建设中发挥着重要的作用。以往的文献中,多从游客角度来研究旅游解说规划,空间视角的相关文献甚少,且研究单一。旅游移动性作为旅游的本质属性,从空间视角认识旅游解说规划中的信息与媒体关系将有助于编制科学的旅游解说规划。以湖南天际岭国家森林公园为例,基于实地访谈法与内容分析法,通过对点-线-功能区-公园-区域等5个空间尺度下的80名游客解说需求与媒体偏好进行研究,构建了森林公园解说规划空间尺度、信息需求与媒体偏好概念模型,具有一定的创新性。研究发现,处于不同空间尺度下的游客对解说信息与媒体偏好存在较大的差异性,并指出游客解说信息需求呈现一定的尺度上升趋势,反之则表现不明显。     

猪活动区域多孔介质模型及其阻力系数的CFD模拟

旨在尝试将躺卧姿势下的猪体简化成不同几何形状以求取其阻力系数,并分析它们的差异性。本研究采用校核过的CFD模型,模拟探究了简化猪模型、半椭球模型、椭球模型和半圆柱模型4种不同躺卧猪模型对猪群区域在X、Y和Z3个垂直方向上阻力系数的影响,分析了4种模型对猪栏内气流以及压力分布的影响。结果表明,椭球模型的惯性阻力系数相比半椭球模型与半圆柱模型更加接近简化猪模型,其在X、Z和Y方向上的惯性阻力系数与简化猪模型之间的相对误差分别为-4.0%、-12.2%和14.7%,并且气流与压力分布基本一致。因此,采用椭球模型代替简化猪模型进行建模计算不仅能保证准确度还能有效提高计算效率。